PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.